macro is typeless and execute faster than funtion ,becaus of the overhead of calling and returnning of function,but macro will increase the size of program due  to many time's substitution,as well as the side effect of macro  may cause unexpected results,to avoid this ,you'd better make the arguments bracketed as possible as you can,on the contrary ,the result of function is more predicted.

macro :definitine commom argument ,little funtion such as MAX,MIN,

function :specific module or operation 

 

getchar:    ch=getchar();     fgetc()/getc()

putchar :   putchar(ch);     fputc()/putc()

gets: gets(*str);{\n terminate, not include \n}  fgets(char *str,int n ,FILE *stream){\n terminate, include \n}only read in n-1 char the last is filled with null

puts: puts(*str);{ add \n}                               fputs(char *str,int n ,FILE *stream){not add \n}all of this function operating in line return a char *of target

scanf:          fscanf(FILE *stream, *format,[argument])     sscanf( string str, string fmt, mixed var1, mixed var2 ... ); 

printf:         fprintf(FILE *stream, *format,[argument])     sprintf( char *buffer, const char *format [, argument] … );